Dysphagia

Dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing.

The process of swallowing comprises of three phases:

1. The oral phase: This is when food is prepared in the mouth and propelled towards the pharynx (throat). This stage can be consciously controlled.
2. The pharyngeal phase: This is where food moves through the pharynx (throat) towards the oesophagus. This stage cannot be consciously controlled.
3. The oesophageal phase: This is where food is transferred through the oesophagus into the stomach. This stage also cannot be consciously controlled.

Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing can happen in any of these three phases.

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Patients with dysphagia affecting the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing may complain of the following symptoms:

• Difficulty initiating swallowing
• Sensation of food “stuck” in the throat
• Coughing or choking during swallowing
• Recurrent chest infections

Oesophageal Dysphagia

Patients with dysphagia affecting the oesophageal phase of swallowing may complain of the following symptoms:

• Sensation of food “stuck” in the throat or chest
• Symptoms of heartburn, burping, regurgitation
• Recurrent chest infections